What is the typical thickness of a panel?
The minimum thickness for commercial walls is generally 5½ inches with 7¼ inches the most typical thickness reinforced with 1.3 to 2.5 psf of reinforcing.
What is the minimum size building that is economical?
Some as small as 5,000 square feet can be economical, if they are relatively tall. Several small buildings clustered together may also prove economical. Special finishes on the walls, such as exposed aggregate or form liners may make Tilt-Up an economical choice.
What is the minimum height building that is economical?
Panels up to 96 feet in height have been used in some areas, but special cranes and spreader bars are required for panels over 30 feet in height. It is generally better to have the panels all nearly the same height and less than 30 feet.
Are there any limits to the number or location of openings?
There is no real limit to the number or location of openings, but their location can be critical. Openings closer than the minimum from the end of the panel supporting a concentrated roof load can add considerable reinforcing, thickened concrete or steel columns. The minimum distance is one-eighth the eave height, or two feet, whichever is less.
What size crane is needed to lift the panel?
It is best to let the crane company determine this, based on the size and weight of panels involved. A rule of thumb for the size, however, is two to three times the weight of the panel.
Are there any site conditions that limit Tilt-Up?
Yes, the following should be considered: Access by the crane to the job site. Relatively flat terrain to allow the crane operation. Any power lines, ditches, railroad tracks, or other obstructions which limit crane operation. Other buildings very close to where panels must be placed.
What is the fire resistance of a Tilt-Up panel?
The fire resistance of Tilt-Up walls is easily referenced and/or calculated in the current UBC and IBC codes. Fire resistance is related to an R rating that determines time duration based on the thickness and type of material. Whether a solid concrete panel or an insulated sandwich panel, Tilt-Up fire resistance can be determined with little effort.
The following table is reprinted from the data contained in both the UBC and IBC codes. It shows the relative thickness required for each aggregate type to meet the listed fire resistivity rating.
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